In the last 50 years the egyptian economy has known deep and contradictory structural changes caused by the influence of many factors. A history of the egyptian revolution by dr khaled fahmy duration. Supplanting the standard and accepted term for 1952 revolution fundamentally compromises the neutrality of the article and could have the effect of misinforming the reader. Egypts royal archives, 19221952 martin kramer on the. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. Remembering the 1952 egyptian revolution middle east monitor.
Egyptian revolutions 1952 egyptian revolutions 1952 2011. Casino you can either have the money and the hammer or you can walk outta here you cant have both duration. General neguib ended the monarchical system in egypt and became president of the newly formed republic. The goal of the revolution was to overthrow king farouk and his son, to remove any remnants of british influence in the government, and to end the. The first few files were devoted to king fuad and the metamorphosis of 1922. The arab world has been moving towards change in successive events since the beginning of 2011. This study will focus on the egyptian revolution, the reasons behind it, its path. For months political and social issues have been boiling over, throwing the country into disarray and chaos. As egypt s economy was known as an agricultural economy due to relatively high production of cotton hawash 2007. This change resulted in successful and semi successful revolutions. With the overthrow of the monarchy, the royal archives were seized. It was the first organized speech against the king in egypt s history. Military seizes power in egypt in egypt, the society of free officers seizes control of the government in a military coup detat staged by colonel gamal abdal nassers free officers. Despite allegations of antibritish sentiment, a cia document dated 23 july 1952 stated that the.
Professor nguyen fall 2014 his 1003 oral history project. After the revolution of 1952 the egyptian economy has transformed. The egyptian armys failures became evident after the. Main causes of the egyptian conflict with mubarak synonym. The preference for 1952 revolution over egyptian revolution either stems from ignorance or from a. In an article for the journal of international womens studies, alnatour 2012 argued against this point. This dissertation will examine the contested memory of the egyptian revolution of 1952 during the periods of rule of anwar alsadat and husni mubarak. The revolution, carried out by military officers led by colonel gamal abdel nasser, would change egypt by ending british occupation and the rule of ottoman elites, and by establishing economic.
The egyptian armys failures became evident after the arabisraeli war in 1948 with many of the. Egyptian revolution of 1919 1 egyptian revolution of 1919 saad zaghlul pasha the revolutionary flag of egypt, 1919. In taking on such new responsibilities and control, the military also came to realize. A popular uprising against the dictatorship of egyptian president hosni mubarak began on jan. Egypt is a country that not many people know about. Historical background to industrialization in egypt. Frustrated with chronic poverty, government incompetence and corruption, and the kings loyalty towards the british, the free officers movement overthrew king farouk i 19201965 in a cia backed coup. Up to 1952, a library of books on egypts political history since 1919 could not. This would prove to be crucial in the act of revolution and the years immediately after. The egyptian revolution of 1952, also known as the 23 july revolution, began on july 23, 1952, by the free officers movement, a group of army officers led by muhammad naguib and gamal abdel nasser. The nationalist wafd party was formed in 1924, two years after egypt gained its independence from britain.
The egyptian revolution of 1952 professornguyen fall2014. The egyptian revolution of 1952 early morning on july 23 1952, egypt would wake up to find itself in the wake of an eminent revolution. Palace opened other official documents to selected historians, but the. Pdf revolution and counterrevolution in egypt researchgate. The revolution of 1952 gave birth to industrialization in egypt. It was carried out by egyptians and sudanese from different walks of. Egyptian revolution of 2011 was predominantly driven by males. This young man used to read history books and biographies of great men such as julius caesar, napoleon and kamal ataturk.
Rg 84, cairo embassy, top secret f i l e 710, american embassy, cairo. The egyptian revolution of 1952 ended foreign domination of egypt and marked the first time that egyptians would rule themselves since the pharaohs. The movement also had more ambitious political aims and soon moved to abolish the. The revolution of july 23, 1952 constituted a watershed event for egypt. Free officers revolutionary group, egypt britannica. The revolution is alternately known as the 23 july revolution. Many people probably assume that the only history that egypt had was pyramids, pharaohs, and mummies. The military, the media and public perceptions in egypt. One official discourse, no place for other discourses. The egyptian revolution carries a challenging transition phase, starting out with problems such as low foreign direct investments fdi, a high budget deficit, a high debt rate, a high. The movement, organized by egyptian youth, began with peaceful demonstrations. In broad outline, the history of contemporary egypt is the story of this coup, which preempted a revolution but then turned into a revolution from above. The military, the media and public perceptions in egypt following the downfall of president hosni mubarak in january 2011, and more markedly after the july 20 ouster of president mohamed morsi, egypts militar y assumed a new role in national politics.
Christian protesters at egyptian state televisions maspero building in cairo, and in mid2012 sexual assault and harassment of women spiked, exposing rifts within the society that the initial goodwill of the revolution had failed to bridge in any lasting way. Egyptian relations from the 1952 revolution to the suez c ris is of 1956 are a part of. The revolution s initial goal was to overthrow king faruq. The revolution was initially aimed at overthrowing king farouk.
The egyptian revolution of 1919 was a countrywide revolution against the british occupation of egypt and sudan. July revolution and the reorientation of egypt s foreign policy 5 years old. Egypt s people continued to riot, and on july 26th 1952, king farouk was overthrown. Poljarevic, emin 2009, egypt, revolution of 1952, international encyclopedia of revolution and protest immanuel ness et al eds. For some purposes the flag of a white crescent and three stars on green was still used until 1958. It dominated egyptian politics until the 1952 coup when it was dissolved but reemerged in opposition in 1984. The two leaders of this revolution were muhammad naguib and gamal abdel nasser.
Gamal abdel nasserthat toppled the monarchy in a coup on july 23, 1952. The political environment in egypt was known in all the declarations of constitutional and constitutions interim that followed the 1952 revolution up to the permanent constitution in 1971, as amended, and until the 25th of january revolution, as a mixed system in form or constitutional. The revolution of the free officers in 1952 marked an important passage, particularly concerning the ideology and the policies realized by gamal abd alnasser during his leadership. View notes egyptian revolutions 1952 from ee 503 at hariri canadian university. The egyptian revolution of 1952 was staged during the. After years of monarchial rule, a group of officers split away from the army and overthrew the government of king faruq. The economic development in egypt during the 19522007. In 1921, egypt s population was million and only half a million people were engaged in industrialization.
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