Microhydro installation sizing pelton and turgo wheel turbines a friend of mine asked me to help size a microhydro installation that he was thinking of installing at his cottage. To study the constructional details of a pelton wheel turbine and draw its fluid flow circuit. The pelton wheel is an impulse turbine with tangential flow the water hits its wheel at a tangent. Energy conversion in a pelton turbine outlet outlet of the runner inlet of the runner outlet of the needle inlet of the needle 2 c2. Disappearing color wheel experiments steve spangler. Pelton wheel driven microhydro plant by william bolon 2934356 vasu sharma 4540214 manjot singh 5116484 submitted to dr. Among different types of impulse turbines, pelton wheel is the only turbine beingused at present. Pelton wheel synonyms, pelton wheel pronunciation, pelton wheel translation, english dictionary definition of pelton wheel. Summary of theory pelton wheel turbine is an impulse type of hydraulic turbine. Tutors guide notes this is a great activity to do as a group. Pelton was an american inventor who successfully developed a highly efficient water turbine, for a high head, but low flow of water operating in many situations. Experiment 3 pelton wheel american university of beirut.
In a pelton turbine or pelton wheel water jets impact on the blades of the turbine making the wheel rotate, producing torque and power. A transparent front panel allows students to see the turbine working. Disappearing color wheel experiments steve spangler science. If the vane moves towards the jet, the water gains speed. Lester allen pelton 18291908, the inventor, and his. Theory a pelton wheel is a tangential impulse turbine, and water strikes its buckets as a free jet atmospheric pressure with a high velocity. This spinning science toy was a great way to show you what happens when the primary colors blend together to make secondary colors.
Energy conversion in a pelton turbine outlet outlet of the runner inlet of the runner outlet of the needle. Still, if you have any doubt ask in the comment section, i will get back to you as soon as possible. The unit consists of a pelton wheel mounted in a corrosionresistant enclosure. Pdf pelton wheel turbine is used in hydroelectric power plant for mechanical power generation high head applications. To determine the moment of inertia of a flywheel about its own axis of rotation. Pelton impulse turbine apparatusadvanced technocracy inc. The pelton wheel is an impulse turbine in which vanes, sometimes called buckets, of elliptical shape are attached to the periphery of a rotating wheel, as shown in fig. Click on release fly wheel to start the experiment. A pelton wheel is an impulsetype water turbine invented by lester allan pelton in the 1870s.
To determine the performance characteristics of pelton wheel turbine under. View lab report experiment 3 pelton wheel from mech 410 at american university of beirut. Fluid mechanics and hydraulic machinery laboratory manual. Pelton turbine design of gilgel gibe ii at a runner circumferential velocity of around half the jet velocity, the maximum efficiency in the energy conversion is reached because the energy of the discharging water is at its minimum. Pelton turbine parts, working and design aspects the constructor. Pelton wheel definition of pelton wheel by the free.
Impact of jets apparatus enables experiments to be carried out on the reaction force produced on vanes when a jet of water impacts on to the vane. The pelton wheel is an important and efficient fluid power machine, used in many applications. Me3l fluid mechanic lab manual draft 1 pelton wheel. The energy available at the turbine is only kinetic energy.
Water wheel running water has kinetic energy because it is moving. The pelton turbine has water coming out at a high velocity from the nozzle. It operates under v ery high heads upto 1800 m and requires comparatively lesser quantity of water. Pelton wheel layout the pelton wheel needs a source of water in order to run. A wheel power divided by the initial jet power, is the turbine efficiency.
The resulting jet of water is directed tangentially at buckets on the wheel producing impulsive force on them. Statistics both flywheel and peloton show you three numbers on screen during your ride. Generator the generator is a threephase 415 volt induction. These turbines are generally used for sites with heads greater than 300 meters. Riadh habash for the course electric circuits and machines for mechanical engineering elg 2331 university of ottawa march 16, 2010. Peloton classes are closer to flywheel, but incorporate aspects of soulcycle. The pelton wheel is an impulse turbine that can reach initial pressure heads of more. It was discovered in 188 0 by an american engineer lestera. The flywheel18the moment of inertia, i, is determined by imagining that the body is divided into a number of infinitesimal elements of mass mi each at a distance ri from the axis of rotation. As the equations indicate, when a real pelton wheel is working close to maximum efficiency, the fluid flows off the wheel with very little residual velocity. A rotating bicycle wheel has angular momentum, which is a property involving the speed of rotation, the mass of the wheel, and how the mass is distributed.
Pelton wheel free download as powerpoint presentation. The flow is controlled by a fully retractable spear valve. Pelton turbine design of gilgel gibe ii uchicago geosci. Me3l fluid mechanic lab manual draft 1 pelton wheel hydraulic turbine. This type of turbine was created during the gold rush in 1880 by lester pelton. Learn more about design, analysis, working principle and applications of pelton wheel turbine. Many earlier variations of impulse turbines existed, but they were less efficient than peltons design. The pressure energy at the inlet and outlet of the turbine is atmospheric.
The moment of inertia of a flywheel is given by following formula. The pelton wheel used in this experiment, although a model, reproduces all the characteristics of full size machines and allows an experimental program to determine the performance of a turbine and also to verify the theory of design. Turgo turbines were developed by gilkes in 1919 and are a development of the pelton turbine. The pelton wheel turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine. The experiment on pelton wheel turbine was performed. On the use of a laboratoryscale pelton wheel water turbine in renewable energy education. Specifically, torque and power are to be presented as a function of turbine speed. Water discharges into the volumetric tank through an orifice in the base of the pelton turbine base plate.
R mechanical conservation of energy maxwells wheel lep 1. Power outputw against turbine rotational speedhz curve and turbine efficiency% against turbine rotational speedhz curve 2. Crossflow turbine, also known as bankimichell turbine, or ossberger turbine. Choose any desired environment by clicking on the combo box. Measurement of impact of jet on flat plate vane and. This video series demonstrates the handson nature of the mechanical engineering departments curriculum at cal poly pomona. Mech 410 thermal fluids lab lab3 pelton wheel page 2 of 4 1 introduction the cussons p6240 pelton wheel consists of a degener 4717 model pelton wheel mounted on a base plate and fitted with a friction dynamometer as illustrated in the figure. One or two nozzles project a jet of water tangentially to the vane pitch circle. If the head of water is known, along with the flow rate, then it is possible to find the best size of wheel to use, how fast it should rotate to obtain the maximum efficiency, and what power it is likely to develop. The total drop in pressure of the fluid takes place in stationary nozzles. American university of beirut mech410 thermal fluids lab lab iii pelton wheel objectives to investigate. Nov 07, 2014 the experiment was, however, carried out with a great level of keenness to reduce the occurrence of such errors. The ideal pelton runner absolute velocity from nozzle.
Lester allen pelton 18291908, the inventor, and his pelton water wheel. Pelton wheel turbine theory the power output of the turbine is. The moment of inertia i about this axis is given by the sum of all the products mi ri 2 calculated for each element, i i mi ri 2. Experiment 6 memorial university of newfoundland faculty of engineering and applied science fluid mechanics laboratory hydraulic turbine lab pelton wheel turbine objective the performance characteristics of a pelton wheel hydraulic turbine are to be determined. Flywheel, a few masses, a strong and thin string, stop watch, vernier callipers. So this is the overview of the pelton wheel turbine, i tried my best to describe the whole thing, i hope you got the concept of pelton wheel. Flywheel effect has no advantage with a constant power input as is the case with the micro hydro. Specifically he wanted to know how to calculate the flow rate of water through a pipe with a given vertical drop. The light weight of the resin pelton wheel is actually an advantage as bearing loads and imbalance are reduced. In this experiment we build a water wheel and learn how to harness that energy to make the wheel spin, then we learn how this could be a useful source of renewable energy. For example, most of a bicycle wheels mass is concentrated along the wheels rim, rather than at the center, and this causes a larger angular momentum at a given speed. It has a large wheel or runner that has buckets turbine blades that absorb the energy in the water. The pelton wheel turbine is invented by lester allan pelton, an american engineer.
Apart from some energy lost to friction can be introduced by a bucket ef. Running plot of pelton wheel rpm vs 100n proney brake gauge. With every pedal, you apply a strong input force over a short distance on the axle to move the wheel a greater distance with less force. The buckets are small compared to the wheel and so they have a single velocity u. Quantity of water striking the buckets can be controlled by the movement of a streamlined shaped spear working inside the supply pipe nozzle, thus changing. Jun 01, 2017 lab experiment on pelton wheel turbine. Jul 21, 2015 in simple machines, kids experiment with wheels and axles by sending a cyclist through an obstacle course. A pelton turbine or pelton wheel is a type of turbine used frequently in hydroelectric plants. The pelton turbine has spoonshaped buckets which harnesses the energy of falling water. The fluid power is converted into kinetic energy in the nozzles. No of revolutions n of the flywheel, after the loop slips off from peg is indicated on the side of axle. The pelton turbine used in this experiment is an impulse turbine.
The energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy. Shows students how an impulse pelton turbine works and tests its performance. The pelton wheel or pelton wheel turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine used for high heads of water. To determine specific speed, ns, for the turbine at design head of 15m 2. Q v t r where q is the volumetric flow rate through the turbine and v t is the tangential flow velocity. Pelton turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine in which the pressure energy of water is converted into kinetic energy to form high speed water jet and this jet strikes the wheel tangentially to make it rotate. Click here to return to the pelton wheel page lester a. Water leaving those wheels typically still had high. The tangential flow velocities at inlet and outlet are.
A detailed description on performance of this practical and calculation of all the steps involved for the calculation of efficiency. On a scooter or a skateboard, you push down on the ground to move forward. When used for generating electricity, there is usually a water reservoir located at some. If the head of water is known, along with the flow rate, then it is possible to find the best size of wheel to use, how fast it. The high velocity jet strikes the buckets mounted on the runner. Adjust the sliders to have suitable dimensions for flywheel arrangement. The water turbines converts the energy possesed by the water to mechanical energy. The wheel is covered in the primary and secondary colors, but give it a spin and they vanish from a rainbow to white. The pelton wheel extracts energy from the impulse of moving water, as opposed to waters dead weight like the traditional overshot water wheel.
Sep 29, 2016 pelton wheel experiment fluid mechanics2. Are peloton classes more like flywheel or soulcycle. This turbine is used for high head and is named after the american engineer lester pelton. Another purpose of the lab is to check turbine scaling laws. Hydraulic turbines are being used from very ancient times to harness the energy stored in flowing streams, rivers and lakes. The water strikes the bucket along the tangent of the runner.
Initially, put clean water free from foreign material, and change once in three months. The study of these reaction forces is an essential step in the subject of mechanics of fluids which can be applied to hydraulic machinery such as the peloton wheel and the impulse turbine. A common classification of modern pelton turbine designs is related to the orientation of the shaft. In this activity, you can see how wheels and axles work by getting outside and going for a ride together. They can handle a higher flow rate than a physically similarsized pelton turbine and the rotor is slightly cheaper to manufacture. Pelton wheel definition of pelton wheel by the free dictionary. These are pedal speed, resistance, and power output.
If you wish to bring additional fruits like tomatoes, lemons, bananas you can then test which one. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Dec 22, 20 to obtain characteristics curves graph for qu, pu, efficiency vs nu at full,46and 26 gate openings forgiven pelton wheel. The main purpose of this lab is to measure the power output of a pelton wheel turbine and to compare this to the theoretical power output. Different parts and their functions of pelton turbine are as follows. The accessory is designed to be positioned on the side channel of the hydraulics bench and the inlet pipe should be connected to the bench supply. Students can work in teams or pairs to create their own light bulb batteries. But, the wheel and axle in a scooter or skateboard work in the opposite way a bike does. Pdf on apr 3, 2017, tumisang kalagobe and others published. The runners are contoured to split the water flow into two halves and reflect both halves backwards, thus maximizing.
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